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Iqbal’s ‘Sare Jahan Se Achha’: India’s  Anthem, Pakistan’s Paradox!

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Iqbal’s ‘Sare Jahan Se Achha’: India’s  Anthem, Pakistan’s Paradox!
(Kashmir Rechords Independence Day Special)

“Saare Jahan Se Achha Hindustan Hamara” is a foundational patriotic poem, penned by  Muhammad Iqbal in 1904. Originally written for children and published in the weekly journal Ittehad on 16 August 1904, the poem was later recited by Iqbal at Government College, Lahore. Celebrating India’s beauty and cultural richness, it became deeply ingrained in the Indian consciousness and was included in Iqbal’s Urdu anthology Bang-i-Dara (1924). Over a century later, it remains a popular and cherished anthem in India. The verses were often sung by Mahatma Gandhi and were later adapted into a marching tune by sitar maestro Pandit Ravi Shankar.

Paradoxical Shift
By 1910, merely five years after penning down Sare Jehan Se Acha Hindustan Hamara , ( Also known as Tarana-e-Hindi), Iqbal’s view had undergone a tectonic shift. His early secular and nationalistic outlook evolved into a more global and Islamic perspective. This shift is evident in his poem “Tarana-e-Milli,” written in the same metre as “Saare Jahan Se Achha,” where the focus shifts from the homeland of Hindustan to a broader Islamic identity. The line “Muslim hain hum, watan hai saara jahaan hamara” (We are Muslims, the whole world is our homeland) exemplifies this change in his philosophical and political outlook.

A comparison between Tarana-e-Hindi ( Left) and Tarana-e-Milli.

Despite this shift, “Saare Jahan Se Achha…..” remains a cherished patriotic song in India, frequently performed at national events, in schools, and by the armed forces. The popular version by Pandit Ravi Shankar, now the Indian Armed Forces’ quick march, underscores its lasting significance, even though some lines have been omitted. The poem’s legacy extends beyond India. In 1984, Astronaut Rakesh Sharma used its lines to describe India from space during a live broadcast with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

Sare Jehan Se Acha Hindustan Hamara— Rakesh Sharma’s iconic lines from the Space

Eyesore for Pakistan

Iqbal, who passed away on April 21, 1938, is revered as Pakistan’s national poet. However, “Saare Jahan Se Achha Hindustan Hamara” remains a contentious symbol there. The poem is an “eye-sore” for Pakistan, as they cannot deny its creation by Iqbal nor comfortably recite it in their land. So is  the case with his “Tarana-e-Milli’’, that talks about  China, Arab and other areas that do not fit into present global scheme of things.

 Kashmir Rechords  from its rare archival records is  sharing  “Sare Jehan Se Acha’’ written in Iqbal’s own handwriting.

Tarana-e-Hindi in Iqbal’s own handwriting.

Iqbal’s poetic journey reflects a profound transformation. His ancestors were Kashmiri Pandits from the Saproo dynasty who had moved to Sialkot many years ago. His shift from cherishing Hindustan to envisioning a broader Islamic unity within a few years of writing “Saare Jahan Se Achha” illustrates his evolving philosophical and political landscape. Despite his ideological shift, India continued to respect his poetry, with many institutions still named after him, such as the Library of Kashmir University in Srinagar. “Saare Jahan Se Achha” endures as a powerful emblem of national pride and unity in India, where it is sung on every National Day.

Iqbal’s Kashmir Roots!

Iqbal’s journey from celebrating the unity of Hindustan in “Saare Jahan Se Achha” to promoting a global Islamic identity in “Tarana-e-Milli” underscores the evolution of his philosophical and political beliefs, reflecting the complex interplay between nationalism and religious identity in the subcontinent’s history. “Saare Jahan Se Achha” remains a beloved patriotic anthem in India, performed across the nation on significant occasions, embodying the enduring spirit of national pride and unity.



From Kashmir’s Orphan to Lahore’s Builder  

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From Kashmir’s Orphan to Lahore’s Builder  
(Kashmir Rechords Exclusive)

In the early 19th century, the picturesque valleys of Kashmir were devastated by a series of merciless famines. Among the many who fled the land in search of survival was a young boy named Sultan Malik. Born into a Rajput Muslim family in Shahabad (Verinag), Kashmir, Sultan’s world was turned upside down when he became an orphan at the tender age of ten. With little more than hope and the guidance of his widowed mother, Sultan joined the exodus to Punjab—a journey that would ultimately lead him to an extraordinary destiny.

The Exodus to Punjab: A New Beginning in Lahore

The migration was fraught with hardship, but it led Sultan and his mother to Lahore, a city undergoing rapid transformation under the rule of Maharaja Sher Singh. Lahore, with its burgeoning construction projects, offered a glimmer of opportunity, though the city’s streets were unforgiving to the impoverished and unskilled. But Sultan was not one to succumb to despair. He was physically strong, with a fierce love for wrestling—a passion that would soon open unexpected doors.

Wrestling into Prominence: A Meeting with Maharaja Sher Singh

Urdu Newspaper and magazines of that era available with www.kashmir-rechords.com reveal that in a twist of fate, Sultan’s prowess in wrestling brought him into the limelight. During a wrestling match organized by Maharaja Sher Singh, the young Kashmiri boy defeated a well-known local wrestler, earning the attention of the Sikh monarch. Impressed by his strength and determination, the Maharaja granted Sultan an audience. It was during this meeting that Sultan shared his struggles in finding work, despite his skills and willingness to toil. Moved by his story, Maharaja Sher Singh awarded him a contract to supply lime (chuna) for the construction of the Lahore Fort—a decision that would alter the course of Sultan’s life.

The Rise of Thekedar Mian Mohammad Sultan

This contract was the foundation upon which Sultan built his future. His integrity and hard work quickly earned him a reputation, and soon he was known as Thekedar Mian Mohammad Sultan. His business thrived, and he became a key figure in the construction of several iconic buildings within Lahore’s walled city. Sultan’s rise from a struggling migrant to a celebrated contractor was nothing short of miraculous, a testament to his resilience and drive.

Legacy Beyond the Sikh Empire: Contributions to British Lahore

The fall of the Sikh Empire did not dim Sultan’s fortunes. The British, recognizing his contributions during the Sikh rule, entrusted him with numerous contracts, including the construction of army colonies and other critical structures. Among his most notable projects were the Lahore Railway Station, Landa Bazaar, Delhi Darwaza, and the grand Sultan Mehal. His work extended beyond mere construction; he built wells in the courtyards of buildings and havelis, acts of charity that endeared him to the people of Lahore.

Lahore Railway Stations constructed by Mian Mohd Sultan in 1859

Acts of Benevolence: Sultan’s Inn and Diplomatic Feasts

In 1853, Sultan built an inn near Delhi Gate, on the highway connecting Lahore and Amritsar. This inn provided much-needed rest to travellers and reinforced Sultan’s reputation as a benefactor. His generosity did not go unnoticed by the elite. In 1869, Sultan hosted a lavish feast for the Afghan monarch, strengthening ties between Lahore and Afghanistan. Seven years later, he welcomed Prince Albert Edward, the Prince of Wales, to Lahore, further solidifying his status as a man of influence and respect.

The Decline of Fortunes: A Legacy Endures

Despite his numerous successes, Sultan’s later years were marked by financial difficulties. After facing significant losses, he was forced to mortgage his properties to Maharaja Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir in exchange for a debt of five lakh rupees. The Maharaja, in recognition of Sultan’s contributions, granted him a pension, but Sultan never fully recovered. His properties were eventually sold, and his fortunes waned.

Mian Mohammad Sultan passed away on February 4, 1876, in Bama Balla, Lahore, leaving behind no heirs. Yet, his legacy as the builder of Lahore endures. A white stone memorial, erected in his honor during a visit by Lord Hardinge, Governor-General of India, in 1911, stands as a lasting testament to the man who, against all odds, shaped the architectural landscape of Lahore.

Rediscovering the Lost Artists of the Kashmiri Ramayana

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Rediscovering the Lost Artists of the Kashmiri Ramayana
(Kashmir Rechords Exclusive)

In the heart of Kashmir, a unique version of the Ramayana stands as a testament to the region’s rich cultural tapestry. This iconic Kashmiri Ramayana, penned by Pandit Devkar Prakash Bhat and published multiple times between 1910 and 1940 by Ali Mohammad Tajar Kutab (later known as Ali Mohd and Sons) of Habba Kadal, Srinagar, is adorned with exquisite handmade sketches. These sketches, brimming with dedication and devotion, were crafted by two almost forgotten Kashmiri artists: R.C. Wantoo and G. Mohi ul Din.

The Silent Artists Behind the Masterpiece

Much has been written about the Kashmiri Ramayanas, but little is known about R.C. Wantoo, a Kashmiri Pandit and G. Mohi ul Din. Their artistry brought to life the verses of Pandit Devkar Prakash Bhat, portraying the epic tales of Lord Rama with unmatched skill and passion. Their sketches provided visual narratives that complemented the poetic verses, making the stories more vivid and accessible to readers.

Preserving Their Legacy

Kashmir Rechords,  is in possession of two editions of this Ramayana, published by Ali Mohd and Sons. These editions feature the names of R.C. Wantoo and G. Mohi ul Din, etched beside their beautiful sketches. In an effort to ensure these artists are not forgotten, Kashmir Rechords is bringing their work to the public domain, hoping that those with knowledge of these artists can provide further insights.

The Kashmiri Ramayana: A Cultural Treasure

The book, titled “Rama Avtar Charit—Luv Kush Charit” and “Ramayan Bazaban Kashmiri” by Pandit Devkar Prakash Saheb Bhat, holds a significant place in Kashmiri literature. Even Sir George Grierson, who edited the summary page of Ramayana into English, did not include the sketches by Wantoo and Mohi ul Din. Over the years, this Ramayana has been reprinted in various languages and scripts, including Kashmiri (Nastalique and Nagri), English, and Hindi. However, the unique handmade sketches by Wantoo and Mohi ul Din have often been missing in these versions.

A Call for Recognition

The history of the Kashmiri Ramayanas is vast. The first known Kashmiri Ramayana, “Shankara Ramayana,” was transcribed from Sharada into Devanagari by Shankar Kanth during the reign of Maharaja Ranbir Singh. This was followed by several other versions, each contributing to the literary heritage of Kashmir. Among these, the “Rama Avtar Charit” by Divakar Prakash Bhat, used by George A. Grierson for his summary page translation work, stands out for its inclusion of Wantoo and Mohi ul Din’s sketches. It is in this book that the famous Kashmiri lines are found:

“Koushaliya Hindeh Gobroo,

Karyo Goore Goore,

Paryo Ram Ramie,

Karyo Goore Goore”

Seeking Contributions

Kashmir Rechords aims to publish a detailed account of the Kashmiri Ramayanas and their various editions in future write-ups. In the meantime, we  are seeking information about R.C. Wantoo and G. Mohi ul Din. Those who know about these artists are encouraged to provide genuine inputs to support@kashmir-rechords.com or kashmirrechords@gmail.com. Full credit will be given to contributors, ensuring that the legacy of these remarkable artists is preserved and celebrated.

A Kashmiri Pandit Governor Who Knew Pashto!

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A Kashmiri Pandit Governor Who Knew Pashto!
(Kashmir Rechords Exclusive)

In the annals of pre-independence India, the name Rai Bahadur Dewan Manmohan Kaul stands out, not just for his administrative prowess but for his unique ability to connect with the diverse people he governed. Born on December 14, 1867, into a third-generation Kashmiri Pandit family in Punjab, Kaul’s journey from the academic corridors of Shahpur and Lahore to the challenging terrains of the frontier provinces is a tale of dedication, intelligence, and cultural empathy.

Early Life and Career

Kaul’s early education in Shahpur and subsequent F.A. degree from Lahore set the stage for a career marked by excellence. His academic brilliance and administrative skills caught the eye of Col. E.G. Vace, the Financial Commissioner of Punjab, who appointed him as Naib Tehsildar. Kaul’s ascent continued as he was promoted to Administrator Settlement and later appointed as Border Areas Development Commissioner. In this role, he administered the restive provinces of Swat, Buner, and Khad-o-Khel, among others.

Linguistic and Cultural Integration

One of Kaul’s most remarkable attributes was his fluency in Pashto, a language that endeared him to the local populace. Mohammad Din Fauq, one of Kashmir’s greatest historians, highlights this aspect in his seminal work on Kashmiris’ achievements. Kaul’s ability to speak the local language earned him immense respect and popularity, allowing him to navigate the frontier provinces without the need for an armed escort.

Rise to Prominence

Col. Henry Montgomery, the Settlement Commissioner of Punjab, recognizing Kaul’s capabilities, recommended him to the Maharaja of Kashmir for the position of Assistant Settlement Commissioner. Following the death of Mr. Rupert Murdoch, Kaul succeeded him and eventually took charge as the Settlement Commissioner in Kashmir. His tenure was marked by innovative initiatives, including a visionary plantation programme that provided employment to local residents and involved them in land revenue record-keeping.

Governorship and Reforms

Kaul’s exemplary work led to his appointment as the Governor of Kashmir on August 30, 1901. His governorship was characterized by relentless efforts to combat exploitative practices by traders, contractors, and octroi post agents. Kaul’s administration focused on infrastructure development, leading to the creation of new areas around Srinagar such as Raj Bagh, Gupkar, Munshi Bagh, and the Silk Factory. He also developed access roads to Gulmarg and Sonamarg, enhancing connectivity and trade.

Educational Contributions

Kaul was a staunch advocate for education, playing a pivotal role in elevating Sri Partap College and supporting institutions like the State High School and Islamia High School with generous financial grants. His contributions to education left a lasting impact on the region, fostering a culture of learning and progress.

Legacy and Reflections

Kaul’s legacy extended through his family, with his son, Maheshwar Nath Kaul, serving as the first Secretary of the Lok Sabha from 1947 to 1958. This remarkable lineage of service and excellence underscores the enduring contributions of the Kaul family to Indian society. Kashmir Rechords has already carried a detailed story about his son, which can be assessed at : https://kashmir-rechords.com/two-kashmiris-who-played-a-pivotal-role-in-indian-parliamentary-functioning/

Mohammad Din Fauq, reflecting on Kaul’s life and achievements, lamented that Kashmiris often excel outside their homeland—a sentiment that resonates even today. Manmohan Kaul’s story is a testament to the profound impact one individual can have through cultural empathy, administrative acumen, and an unwavering commitment to public service.

Pandit Brij Mohan Dattatreya : A Forgotten Luminary with Kashmir Connection!

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Pandit Brij Mohan Dattatreya : A Forgotten Luminary with Kashmir Connection!
(Kashmir Rechords Exclusive)

Pandit Brij Mohan Dattatreya, known by his penname “Kaifi Dehlavi” or simply “Kaifi,” was a distinguished writer of Urdu, Persian, and Sanskrit in undivided India. Born on December 13, 1866, in Old Delhi, Kaifi hailed from a Kashmiri Pandit ancestry. His family had relocated from Kashmir at the dawn of the nineteenth century, an uprooting that left a deep emotional impact on him. Despite his longing to return to his ancestral land before the partition of the subcontinent, circumstances prevented him from fulfilling this dream.

(Datttriya’s Kashmir Connection)

Kaifi faced immense personal tragedies, losing his parents at a young age and his wife, the daughter of Sh. Ajodyanath Shivpuri, a Kashmiri Pandit from Lucknow, when she was just 40. He also endured the heart-breaking loss of two sons in their prime, one of whom was Pyare Lal Dattariya, the renowned editor of The Tribune when it was published from Lahore. Kaifi’s life came to an end on November 1, 1955, in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.

Early Life and Education

Growing up in the Sita Bazar area of Delhi, Kaifi’s father, Kanhaya Lal Dattariya, a Kotwal in the police department, ensured his son received an excellent education. He employed well-known scholars of Hindi, Arabic, and Persian to tutor Kaifi during his early years. Later, Kaifi attended Delhi’s prestigious St. Stephen’s College to master the English language.

In 1915-16, Brij Mohan Dattariya  moved to Europe for further studies. He also spent several years in Lahore, where his son was an editor of The Tribune. During his time in Lahore, Kaifi became a valuable asset to numerous Urdu organizations and institutions based in the city.

Literary Contributions and Legacy

Kaifi was a luminary not only in Urdu but also in Sanskrit and Hindi literature. From a young age, he displayed a profound interest in literature and classical studies, penning over 17 books during his career. Despite his prolific output, Kaifi’s legacy has faded in an era dominated by the noise of social media, and his contributions risk being forgotten by newer generations.

A Book on Pt Brij Mohan by Sahitya Akademy-1989)

Kaifi played a crucial role in promoting Urdu, recognizing its cultural and linguistic richness. Through his writings, lectures, and public engagements, he emphasized the importance of Urdu as a medium of literary expression and cultural identity. His efforts helped bridge gaps between different linguistic communities and fostered a greater appreciation for Urdu literature. In recognition of his vast contributions to Urdu literature, the Sahitya Akademi in Delhi published a book on his life and works in 1989. However, his significance had already been highlighted by Kashmiri-origin writer and author Mohammad Din  Fauq in his 1907 book, based on life and works of “Great Kashmiris’’.

Pages from Kaifi’s Books–1905 and 1911

Professional Achievements

Kaifi had a distinguished career, editing a monthly magazine, Bharat Darpan, which he started in 1905. In 1911, he published a masterpiece, Tauzuk Qaseri, in Urdu from Jalandhar city. His mastery over languages earned him the applause of the Kapurthala Darbar, where he came into contact with Raja Daljeet Singh, who later became the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir.

When Daljeet Singh was appointed Prime Minister of Kashmir, he chose Kaifi as his Personal Secretary. Kaifi later became the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs for the J&K Government. After relinquishing his position in the Foreign Affairs Department, the Maharaja of Kashmir appointed him as the Collector of Chenani area in Jammu division.

Kaifi’s Job at Kashmir and the rumour of his murder!

A Return to Roots and Final Days

It is believed that  Dattariya Kaifi chose to work in Jammu and Kashmir to reconnect with his ancestral roots. However, destiny had other plans. During the partition, he found himself stranded in areas that became part of Pakistan. It took several months for him to prove he was still alive after erroneous reports of his killing  were published in some newspapers of the time.

Kaifi’s life story is one of resilience, profound intellectual achievement, and unfulfilled yearning for his ancestral homeland. His legacy, though overshadowed by time, remains a testament to his contributions to Indian literature and culture.

Forgotten Kashmiri Pandit Shrines in North Kashmir!

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(Kashmir Rechords Exclusive)

The northern part of Kashmir is rich in shrines and temples historically significant to the Kashmiri Pandits. These sacred structures, once documented by Kashmiri Muslim scholars and travelers a century ago, have largely been forgotten by contemporary historians and writers. However, thanks to the meticulous work of Mohammad Din Fauq, a celebrated writer and journalism pioneer, the legacy of these shrines is not entirely lost.

Fauq–A Resident of Jammu and Kashmir!

During his visit to Kashmir in December 1907, Fauq, born in 1877 in Sialkot, then part of the Jammu Province, extensively documented the temples and shrines of Kashmiri Pandits in North Kashmir. Despite passing away in Lahore in 1945, his connection to Kashmir remained unwavering, and his works continue to shed light on the region’s rich cultural and historical heritage.

A page from Fuq’s Travelogue to Kashmir in 1907.

Fauq’s Pioneering Documentation

Fauq’s travelogue, “Kashmir Safarnama,” is a treasure trove of information on ancient Hindu shrines that once adorned Kashmir’s landscape. Hailing from the Dar clan, with ancestral roots in Hardu Shiva, Sopore, Fauq’s detailed accounts of these shrines offer invaluable insights.

In his “Kashmir Safarnama, of 1907, “ Fauq meticulously records numerous ancient Hindu shrines, such as:

  • Nandkeshwar Temple, Seer Jagir, Sopore: Known for animal sacrifices by devotees.
  • Chander Naag, Sopore : A unique site in the Jehlum River near Sopore, where Kashmiri Pandits traditionally take their brides to pay obeisance.
  • Bhairav Temple, Sopore: Referred to by Fauq as “Kantak Bhairav,” housing a large historical Shivlingam.
  • Resh Peer Temple, Sopore: Constructed under the direction of Wazir Pannun, a devout follower of Saint Resh Peer.
  • Chandi Devi Tirath, Sopore: A notable spring in the Jehlum River beneath the Sopore bridge.

Historical Shrines in Baramulla and Kupwara

In his travelogue, Fauq also documents various other shrines, including:

  • Bemai Shree and Shiva Shrines, Zainagir, Sopore: A significant stop for pilgrims on their way to Sharda at Teetwal.
  • Koti Tirath and Gosain Taing, Baramulla: Temples encircling a sacred spring and a historical site along the Baramulla–Uri road.
  • Shrines in Kupwara: Including the Kandi Kupwara temple and Dharamshala, the famous Bhadarkali temple, and Shadipora (Shardapur) Safapora, known as Kashmir’s Prayag.

A Legacy of Preservation

Fauq’s work extends beyond just “Kashmir Safarnama.” He authored over a hundred books, including “Mukammil Taareekhe Kashmir,” “Taareekhe Aquame Kashmir,” and “Tazkira E Sultan Zainul Abedin.” These writings have played a crucial role in documenting and preserving Kashmir’s cultural and historical heritage.

As Kashmiri Pandits strive to reclaim their historical shrines, Mohammad Din Fauq’s meticulous documentation remains invaluable. His unbiased and detailed accounts ensure that the rich civilisational heritage of Kashmir, so deeply cherished by its people, will endure for generations to come.

Syed Malik: Kashmir’s Stalwart Journalist

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Syed Malik: Kashmir’s Stalwart Journalist
(By: Kashmir Rechords Representative)

Mohammad Syed Malik, often referred to as Syed Malik, was born in the picturesque region of Kashmir, known for its stunning landscapes and rich cultural heritage. From a young age, Malik exhibited a keen interest in literature, politics, and the social dynamics of his homeland. His early education in local schools laid a strong foundation, which was further honed through higher education where he studied journalism and political science.

Beginning of a Distinguished Career

Malik’s foray into journalism began in the mid-20th century, a period marked by significant political upheaval and socio-economic changes in Kashmir and the broader Indian subcontinent. He started his career as a reporter, covering local events and stories that often went unnoticed by larger media houses. His dedication to unbiased reporting and his knack for getting to the heart of the story quickly earned him a reputation as a reliable and insightful journalist.

Prominence in Print Journalism

A long-serving Special Correspondent in Srinagar for the now-defunct Delhi-based national daily newspaper Patriot and Link Newsweekly, Malik’s incisive political commentary provided clarity and perspective on the complex political landscape of Kashmir. He was known for his balanced approach, giving voice to various sides of contentious issues.  Malik was also associated with Information and Public Relations Department in the government of the undivided state in the 1970s. He was briefly associated with Kashmir Times at its Jammu office during 1989-90, where he assisted Editor Ved Bhasin and his team.

Syed Malik ( Extreme Right) during Radio Kashmir Srinagar’s
Mehfil Programme with Veteran Journalist, Mulkh Raj Saraf

Excellence in Radio Journalism

Apart from being a veteran print journalist, Mohammad Syed Malik was also an able broadcaster. He participated in several radio programmes, interviews, and discussions broadcast over Radio Kashmir Srinagar and Radio Kashmir Jammu, now rechristened as All India Radio Stations of Srinagar and Jammu. Kashmir Rechords holds many pictures of the past wherein Syed Malik features in prominent radio programmes, including a “Mehfil” programme with Jammu and Kashmir’s veteran journalist, the late Mulkh Raj Saraf.

Syed Malik ( Middle) In the Studios of Radio Kashmir, Srinagar.

Influence on Television

Malik also made his presence felt over Doordarshan Srinagar when the Kendra was thriving, and Kashmiris would glue to their TV sets. He used to be a key figure in interviewing Political leaders and personalities. In one such programmes, he is seen interviewing former Bihar Chief Minister, Jagan Nath Mishra.

Mentorship and Legacy

Over the decades, Mohammad Syed Malik became a prominent figure in both print and broadcast journalism, known for his in-depth analysis and comprehensive reporting. During periods of heightened conflict in the region, Malik’s reports were crucial in providing a clear picture of the ground realities. His courage in covering these sensitive topics often placed him in challenging and dangerous situations. Malik also focused on the human side of events. His stories about the everyday lives of Kashmiris, their struggles, hopes, and aspirations added a vital dimension to his reporting. Mohammad Syed Malik’s legacy is one of dedication to truth and ethical journalism. He groomed his brother, Zahoor Malik, into the profession and inspired a generation of journalists in Kashmir and beyond, emphasizing the importance of integrity, courage, and thoroughness in reporting. Even after his retirement, Malik continued to influence the field through mentorship and occasional contributions to major newspapers and journals

When J&K had Director Lotteries!

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When J&K had Director Lotteries!
(Kashmir Rechords Exclusive)

Believe it or not, the erstwhile State of Jammu and Kashmir once had a full-fledged Department of Lotteries, headed by the Director of Lotteries. Under the seal and signature of the Director, the department  used to issue numerous lottery schemes annually, luring not just the State Subjects but also people from other parts of India.

Historical Roots and Operations

According to records available with Kashmir Rechords (www.kashmir-rechords.com), the lottery system was operational in the Princely State even before the partition of the Sub-Continent. Lottery sellers legally operated mainly from commercial areas like Raghunath Bazar in Jammu, Court Road in Srinagar, and the Maisuma locality of Srinagar. They even had outlets in New Delhi and Calcutta (now Kolkata). Kashmir Rechords from its archives is making  public two  such advertisements issued by the Director of Lotteries in 1970 and 1971. The cost of a lottery ticket at that time was just one rupee!

Lottery  Menace

However, this lottery system soon turned into a significant menace for the people of the State. The government had to step in, introducing a law that made selling lottery tickets illegal under the Public Gambling Act No. 18 of 1977. By then, the lottery business in Jammu and Kashmir was estimated to be worth around Rs one crore per month, with Rs 10 lakh given as prize money. The remaining Rs 90 lakh was pocketed by those running the business, leaving many people, especially those with limited earnings, financially devastated.

Today, lotteries and gambling remain matters of State discretion, with no national ban. However, most States and Union Territories, including J&K, have banned them.

The 1971  J&K Lottery Racket

Interestingly, a significant lottery racket surfaced in Jammu and Kashmir in 1971, reaching such serious proportions that the issue was raised in Parliament. On November 24, 1971, three Parliamentarians (Question Number 1434) prompted the then Union Minister of State for Home to address the matter.

  This glimpse into the past reveals a fascinating yet tumultuous chapter in the history of Jammu and Kashmir, highlighting the impact of State-run lotteries on the socio-economic fabric of the region.

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