Kashmir’s Quintessential Merchant and Philanthropist

(Kashmir Rechords Exclusive)

Kashmir Rechords is honoured to present the story of a remarkable yet relatively lesser-known historical figure from Kashmir. This individual was the wealthiest merchant of his era, renowned for his exceptional ability to unite people across religious, ethnic, and other divides. His legacy underscores the enduring importance of unity and development in our diverse society.

In his 1930 publication by Matba Kareemi Press, Lahore, noted Kashmiri-origin historian and journalist Muhammad Din Fauq highlights some prominent individuals  of 19^th century from Kashmir who  had gained fame in British India. Preserved by Sundaraya Vigyan Kendram, Hyderabad, this book stands as a valuable historical document, listing illustrious Kashmiri Pandit and Muslim names side by side, reflecting the harmonious coexistence and mutual respect between the communities.

Fauq mentions his intent to inspire others by listing prominent Kashmiris who achieved success in their respective fields. Among them are notable figures like Pandit Bishamber Nath, Dr. Sir Mohd Iqbal, Daulati Aaliya, Raja Dina Nath, Khawaja Aziz Lucknowi, Tej Bahadur Sapru, Khawaja Sonaullah Shawl, and Justice Shamboo Nath Pandit.

Khwaja Sonaullah Shawl: A Quintessential Kashmiri

A particularly notable figure is Khwaja Sonaullah Shawl, who never lost his connection to Kashmir despite his wide-reaching influence. Fauq terms him “Rayeesul-Raoosa,” meaning the richest among the rich. Shawl constructed residences in key cities such as Bukhara, Bombay, Calcutta, Karachi, Amritsar and Kabul. Renowned for his philanthropy, he donated substantial sums for the construction of Dargahs and mosques. When Maharaja Ranbir Singh established the first State Council in J&K, Shawl was included as a coveted member.

A Respected Trader and Philanthropist

Khawaja Sonaullah Shawl was one of the most respected traders of his era, with a chain of outlets in the region. A philanthropist, he was a friend of the Afghan ruler and was highly respected by the rulers back home. His surname, Shawl, reflects his prominence in Kashmir’s Shawl business.

Esteemed by the Dogra Maharajas

The Dogra Maharajas of Jammu and Kashmir held Shawl in great esteem. Maharaja Ranbir Singh (1857-1885) appointed him as a member of his State Council, offering a substantial salary of 2500 Chilki rupees, which Shawl declined, choosing to offer his honorary services instead. Maharaja Pratap Singh (1885-1925) and Amar Singh also held him in high regard, valuing his straightforward and truthful dealings.

Philanthropy During Kashmir Famine

During the terrible  Kashmir famine of 1877-1879, Shawl rose to the challenge, contributing three thousand kharwars of rice and ten thousand rupees to relief efforts. His generosity extended to respectful burials and treatment for the ill, showcasing his deep solidarity with his Kashmiri brethren.

Advocate for Knowledge and Learning

Shawl was a great admirer of learning, maintaining a private library with thousands of books in Persian, Urdu, Arabic, and English. He is credited with ameliorating and enlarging famous shrines in Srinagar.

Habba Kadal Fire and End of an Era

In around April-May 1893, a devastating fire  engulfed hundreds of households in Habba Kadal, Srinagar. Khwaja Sanaullah Shawl had gone to Punjab on a business trip. When he returned home, his heart was immensely saddened by the miserable condition of hundreds of residents of the Habba Kadal locality who had lost everything in the great fire. The victims included both Muslims and Kashmiri Pandits.

 The devastating fire Khawaja prompted Sonaulah Shawl to petition the Maharaja for the victims’ rehabilitation. He personally, as usual, donated in cash for their rehabilitation and assistance. The impact of the tragedy was heavy on his heart. He fell sick and towards the end of September 1893, corresponding to 1310 Hijri, ( as per Fauq’s Book), he breathed his last at his home. His passing marked the end of an era of unparalleled communal concord and enlightened leadership.

Descendants and Legacy

Shawl’s three sons, Khwaja Ghulam Hassan, Khwaja Nooruddin, and Khwaja Saududdin continued his legacy. Saududdin, however, played a significant role in the political awakenings of Kashmir, notably linked to the July 13, 1931 incident. His efforts in submitting a memorandum to Lord Reading, demanding rights for Muslim subjects, led to his externment to Kohala by Maharaja Pratap Singh’s soldiers. He was, however,  recalled by Maharaja Hari Singh from the British Territory in 1926.

In  his death,  Kashmir lost not just a prosperous merchant but a beacon of unity and harmony. Khwaja Sonaullah Shawl’s life epitomized the values of wisdom, faith, and communal harmony, leaving an indelible mark on Kashmir’s history.